How This Calculation Works
EV range is calculated by dividing the usable battery capacity (kWh) by the energy consumption rate (kWh per mile or km). The result is adjusted for temperature, driving style, and other factors that affect real-world range.
Cold weather can reduce range by 20–40% due to battery chemistry and cabin heating. Highway driving at high speeds increases air resistance, which rises with the square of speed.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Trusting the EPA range. EPA ratings are tested under ideal conditions. Real-world range is typically 10–30% lower depending on driving conditions.
- Ignoring temperature effects. At −10°C (14°F), expect 30–40% less range. At 40°C (104°F), expect 10–15% less from AC use.
- Planning trips to 0%. Always plan to arrive with at least 10–20% charge as a safety buffer.
Worked Example
Scenario: A 75 kWh battery, 0.25 kWh/mile consumption, cold weather (−5°C).
Ideal range: 75 ÷ 0.25 = 300 miles.
Cold weather adjustment (−25%): 300 × 0.75 = 225 miles real-world range.